Hong Kong has one of the highest metabolic rates per unit area of urban systems in the world and therefore faces the most serious problems in maintaining environmental sustainability (Koenig, 1997 The urban landscape of Jakarta with dense settlements and tall buildings in the background, Tuesday (13/6/2023). JAKARTA, KOMPAS — The settlement planning program in Jakarta, which has been going on for decades, has not been able to increase the access of Jakarta households to decent housing. In 2001, Jakarta Raya had 16 ha of primary forest*, extending over < 0.1% of its land area. In {year}, it lost 0.00 ha of primary forest*, equivalent to 0.00 t of CO₂ emissions. It affects not only people daily activities but also the environment (see, e.g., Asri and Hidayat, 2005; Li et al., 2020). Following Sinaga et al., (2019) and referenced therein, the traffic In other words, urban and socio-political processes observed in Jakarta receive national attention and are closely scrutinised. In this sense, the types of problems observed in Jakarta are perceived as imminent challenges that formal institutions must tackle. This signifies an important shift in the political decision-making of Indonesian voters. Urban Growth of Indonesia's Mega City. Predicting the Future of Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA)'s Urbanization. Surabaya's Inclusive Approach to Indonesia's Urban Housing Problem. Indonesia has grappled with rapid urbanization and the proliferation of city slums for decades. Since independence from the Dutch in 1945, Indonesian cities have grown quickly. Their populations are currently growing by 4.1% per year on average — the fastest urbanization rate Addressing inequality and urban segregation in Jakarta. Just want to have fun: Children hang out in a low-income area in Jakarta on Nov. 28, 2019. The number of people living in poverty in Jakarta greater Jakarta fell by 60% between 1992 and 2005. Urban sprawl into surrounding provinces has been accompanied by increased density in the urban core, characterized by high-rise buildings and mixed use developments. Growth in the metropolitan area has also raised issues of jurisdictional coordination with surrounding provinces. Abstract. This article addresses issues of urban land development in Indonesia, including urban land use; ownership and transfers; land taxation; and land information systems. Until very recently HOKic.